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Schubert Song on Record

Reading list

Robert Philip, Performing Music in the Age of Recording (Yale University Press, 2004)
Practical discussion of many of the major questions

Timothy Day, A Century of Recorded Music: Listening to Musical History (Yale University Press, 2000)
Fine survey of the historical and musical evidence

Recording (ideas):

Theodor W. Adorno, Towards a Theory of Musical Reproduction, ed. Henri Lonitz, transl. Wieland Hoban (Cambridge: Polity, 2006)
Very fascinating read in its historical and cultural context

Philip Auslander, Liveness: performance in a mediatized culture, (Abingdon: Routledge, 1999)

Walter Benjamin, 'The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction', in ed. Julia Thomas, Reading Images (Basingstoke, 2001)

Michael Chanan, Repeated Takes: a short history of recording and its effects on music (London, 1995)

Evan Eisenberg, The Recording Angel (rev. ed., New Haven, 2005)
Readable and thought-provoking

Theodore Gracyk, 'Listening to Music: performances and recordings', Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism 55 (1997) 139-50

Mark Katz, Capturing Sound: how technology has changed music (University of California Press, 2004)
See especially the chapter on violin vibrato

Jonathan Sterne, The Audible Past: cultural origins of sound reproduction (Duke University Press, 2003)

Recording (history):

Roger Beardsley, Brief History of Recording (CHARM, 2006)
Top of the range online introduction with sound examples

Roland Gelatt, The Fabulous Phonograph (London 1956)
Still widely available second-hand in later revised editions

Oliver Read and Walter Welch, From Tin-Foil to Stereo (1976, rev. 1994)
Best on the early period

Peter Copeland, Sound Recordings (British Library, 1991)
Excellent brief introduction

George Brock-Nannestad: ‘The Objective Basis for the Production of High Quality Transfers from Pre-1925 Sound Recordings', Preprint of paper delivered to the Audio engineering Society's 103rd convention, 1997 (AES Preprint 4610)

George Brock-Nannestad: ‘Authenticity in the Reconstruction of Historical Disc Recording Sessions', Preprint of paper delivered to the Audio Engineering Society's 105th convention, 1998 (AES Preprint 4829)
These two articles include the most detailed surveys of early recording processes.

John Harvith & Susan Edwards Harvith, Edison, Musicians, and the Phonograph: a century in retrospect (Westport, 1987)
Interviews with performers discussing their experiences of recording

Joe Batten's Book: the story of sound recording (London 1956)
Early chapters include first-hand stories of early recording sessions

Fred W Gaisberg, Music on Record (London, 1946; also pub. as The Music Goes Round (New York, 1943))
Entertaining (though not entirely trustworthy) primary source for early Gramophone Company recording

Online Phonograph Gallery

Performance style:

ed. Michael Musgrave & Bernard D Sherman, Performing Brahms: Early evidence of performance style (Cambridge, 2003)
Packed with fascinating material and relevant to more than just Brahms

Robert Philip, Early Recordings and Musical Style (Cambridge, 1992)
Concerns orchestral performance, but as yet the most detailed overview.

Dorottya Fabian, Bach Performance Practice, 1945-1975: a comprehensive review of sound recordings and literature (Ashgate, 2003)

Martin Elste, Meilensteine der Bach-Interpretation 1750-2000: Eine Werkgeschichte im Wandel (Metzler, 2000)

Mark Katz, "The Phonograph Effect: The Influence of Recording on Listener, Performer, Composer, 1900-1940." (Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 1999)
Looks at the influence on recording on performance

David Milsom, Theory and Practice in Late Nineteenth-Century Violin Performance (Aldershot, 2003) Argues backwards from early recordings

Singing

Johan Sundberg, The Science of the Singing Voice (Northern Illinois University Press, 1987)

John Potter, Vocal authority : singing style and ideology (Cambridge, 1998)

ed. John Potter, The Cambridge Companion to Singing (CUP, 2000)

Singers:

Michael Scott, The Record of Singing (2 vols., London, 1977-9) Senate House: fol. 789.9 [Scott]

John Steane, Singers of the Century (London, 1966 et seq.)

Richard Miller, National schools of singing (London, 1997)

K J Kutsch & Leo Riemens, Großes Sängerlexikon (Bern, 1987)

Hermann Klein, Hermann Klein and The Gramophone : being a series of essays on The Bel canto (1923), The Gramophone and the singer (1924-1934), and reviews of new classical vocal recordings (1925-1934), and other writings from The Gramophone (Portland, Or, c1990) Senate House fol. 784.9 [Klein]

Singing Treatises, Methods and Memoirs:

Brent Jeffrey Monahan, The art of singing : a compendium of thoughts on singing published between 1777 and 1927 (Metuchen, N.J., 1978) Senate House 784.9 [Monahan]

John Spencer Curwen, The boy's voice : a book of practical information on the training of boys' voices for church choirs (London, 1899) MT915 C94

Joyce Allen, The Technique of Modern Singing (London 1935) Senate House 784.9

Enrico Caruso and Luisa Tetrazzini, Caruso and Tetrazzini on the art of singing (New York, 1975) Senate House 784.9 [Caruso]

Frieda Hempel, My golden age of singing (Portland, Or., c1998) Senate House

Lilli Lehmann, How to sing (New York, 1916) Senate House 784.9 [Lehmann]

Lotte Lehmann, Eighteen song cycles : studies in their interpretation (London, [1971]) MT892 L52

Lotte Lehmann, Singing with Richard Strauss (London, [c1964]) MT95.St82 L52

Mathilde Marchesi, Theoretical and practical vocal method (New York, [c1970]) MT835 MAR

William R. Moran, Nellie Melba, a contemporary review (Westport, Conn., 1985) Senate House780.92 [Melba. Moran]

John Frederick Cone, Adelina Patti : queen of hearts (Aldershot, 1994) Senate House 780.92 [Patti. Cone]

Luisa Tetrazzini, How to sing (London, 1923) Senate House [S] 784.9 [Tetrazzini]

Harriette Brower and James Francis Cooke, Great singers on the art of singing ( Repr. London (Dover) 1996)

Accompanying:

Gerald Moore Am I too loud? : memoirs of an accompanist (London, [c1962]) ML417 M7

Gerald Moore, Singer and accompanist : the performance of fifty songs (London, [1953]) MT892 M76

Gerald Moore, The unashamed accompanist (London, 1959) ML417.M79 A5

Recent writings on Schubert Song:

John Reed, The Schubert Song Companion (Manchester, 1997) Indispensible aid to identifying versions, editions and poets

Susan Youens, Schubert: Die schöne Müllerin (Cambridge, 1992)
_______, Retracing a Winter's Journey (Cornell, 1991)
_______, Schubert's Poets and the Making of Lieder (Cambridge, 1996)
_______, Schubert, Müller and Die schöne Müllerin (Cambridge, 1997)

Martin Chusid, A Companion to Schubert's "Schwanengesang": history, poets, analysis, performance (Yale, 2000)

Richard Kramer, Distant Cycles: Schubert and the conceiving of song (Chicago, 1994)

Lawrence Kramer, Franz Schubert: Sexuality, Subjectivity, Song (Cambridge, 1998)

Heinrich Schenker, transl. Robert Pascall, 'Ihr Bild: Song by Franz Schubert to a Lyric by Heinrich Heine', Music Analysis 19 (2000) 3-9

Christopher Wintle, 'Franz Schubert. Ihr Bild (1828): A response to Schenker's essay in Der Tonwille, vol. 1', Music Analysis 19 (2000) 10-28

Scott Messing, Schubert in the European Musical Imagination, 2 vols. so far (Rochester, 2006, 2007) Important study of Schubert reception. Vol. 2 (Fin-de-Siècle Vienna) can be considered alongside the recordings.

Studying music on record: Princples and practice

Day, Philip, as listed above

Daniel Barolsky, 'Romantic piano performance as creation', PhD dissertation, University of Chicago, 2005. (2 vols., UMI Dissertation Services no. 3181533)

José Bowen, ‘The History of Remembered Innovation' Journal of Musicology 10 (1993) 139-73

________, ‘Tempo, Duration and Flexibility: techniques in the analysis of musical performance' Journal of Musicological Research 16 (1996) 111-56

________, ‘Performance Practice versus Performance Analysis: Why Should Performers Study Performance?' Performance Practice Review 9 (1996), 16-35

________, ‘Finding the Music in Musicology: Studying Music as Performance' in Rethinking Music, ed. Nicholas Cook and Mark Everist (Oxford, 1999) 424-51

Robert Cogan, New Images of Musical Sound (Cambridge, Mass., 1984)

Nicholas Cook, 'Analysing Performance and Perfoming Analysis', in ed. Nicholas Cook & Mark Everist, Rethinking Music (Oxford, 1999) 239-61

________, 'The Conductor and the Theorist: Furtwängler, Schenker and the first movement of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony' in ed. John Rink, The Practice of Performance (Cambridge, 1995) 105-25

________, 'Words about Music, or Analysis versus Performance', in Nicholas Cook, Peter Johnson, & Hans Zender, Theory into Practice: composition, performance and the listening experience (Leuven University Press, 1999) 9-52

________, 'Theorizing Musical Meaning', Music Theory Spectrum 23 (2001) 170-95

Eric Grunin, An Eroica Project (website) Exemplary investigation of tempo across many performances

Daniel Leech-Wilkinson, 'Using recordings to study musical performance', in Aural History: Essays on Recorded Sound (The British Library, 2001) 1-12

________, 'Portamento and musical meaning', Journal of Musicological Research 25 (2006) 233-61

________, 'Musicology and performance', in ed. Zdravko Blazekovic, Music's Intellectual History: Founders, Followers & Fads (forthcoming, New York: RILM, 2006)

________, 'Expressive gestures in Schubert singing on record', Nordisk Estetisk Tidskrift 33-34 (2006) 50-70

________, 'Sound and meaning in recordings of Schubert's "Die junge Nonne"', Musicae Scientiae (2007, forthcoming)

John Rink (ed.), Musical Performance: a guide to understanding (Cambridge, 2002)

________ (ed.), The Practice of Performance: studies in musical interpretation (Cambridge,1995)

Perception of music in performance:

Rita Aiello & John Sloboda (eds), Musical Perceptions (Oxford, 1994)

Eric Clarke, 'Mind the Gap: formal structures and psychological processes in music', Contemporary Music Review 3 (1989) 1-13

________, Ways of Listening: an ecological approach to the perception of musical meaning (Oxford, 2005)

Manfred Clynes (ed.), Music, Mind and Brain: the neuropsychology of music (New York, 1982?)

Nicholas Cook & Eric Clarke, Empirical Musicology (Oxford, 2004)

Arnie Cox, 'The Mimetic Hypothesis and Embodied Musical Meaning', Musicae Scientiae Special Issue (2001-02) 123-47

Alf Gabrielsson & Patrik N Juslin, 'Emotional Expression in Music' in ed. Richard J Davidson et al., Handbook of Affective Sciences (Oxford, 2003) 503-34

David Huron, Sweet Anticipation: music and the psychology of expectation (Cambridge, Mass., 2006)

Patrik Juslin and John Sloboda (eds), Music and Emotion: theory and research (Oxford, 2002)

Daniel J. Levitan, This is Your Brain on Music: the science of a human obsession (Atlantic Books, 2007)

Dorothy Miell et al. (eds), Musical Communication (Oxford, 2005)

Charles O. Nussbaum, The Musical Representation: meaning, ontology, and emotion (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2007)

Isabelle Peretz & Robert Zatorre (eds), The Cognitive Neuroscience of Music (Oxford, 2003)

Bruno Repp, 'A microcosm of musical expression: III. Contributions of
timing and dynamics to the aesthetic impression of pianists' performances of the initial measures of Chopin's Etude in E major', Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 106 (1999) 469-478

John Rink (ed.), collections listed above

Jenefer Robinson, Deeper than Reason: emotion and its role in literature, music, and art (Oxford University Press, 2005)

Klaus Scherer, 'Expression of Enotions in Voice and Music', Journal of Voice 9 (1995) 235-48

Klaus Scherer et al., 'Vocal Expression of Emotion', in ed. Richard J Davidson et al., Handbook of Affective Sciences (Oxford, 2003) 433-56

Carl Seashore, Psychology of Music (New York, 1938; Dover repr. 1967)

John Sloboda, Exploring the Musical Mind (Oxford, 2005)

Renee Timmers, Freedom and Constraints in Timing and Ornamentation (Maastricht, 2002)

Nils L Wallin et al. (eds), The Origins of Music (MIT Press, 2000)

Authenticity:

John Butt, Playing with History: the historical approach to musical performance (Cambridge, 2002)

Richard Taruskin, Text & Act (Oxford, 1995)

Daniel Leech-Wilkinson, ‘The limits of authenticity', Early Music 12 (1984) 13-16

Discographies: (all these can be consulted in the Maughan Library's Round Reading Room and also in DLW's office. More discographies are kept in the Humanities Store on the LG floor.)

By composer:

Francis Clough and G J Cuming, The World's Encyclopedia of Recorded Music (original edition 1952 and two supplements, 1953 & 57)

The Gramophone Shop Encyclopedia (three editions: 1932, 36 & 48)

By label:

John Bennett et al., Voices of the Past, esp. vol. 2: HMV D and DA, vol. 4: HMV DB.

Frank Andrews, Columbia 10 inch Records (1985)

Ronald Taylor, Columbia 12 inch Records (1994)

Frank Andrews and Ernie Bayly, Catalogue of HMV B Series Records (2000)

Michael Smith, Catalogue of HMV C Series (2001)

Michael Smith, Catalogue of HMV D and E Series (2001)

Frank Andrews and Michael Smith, Parlophone 12 inch E Series Records (2000)

CHARM online discographies and links

Reference:

Gramophone Senate House: Vols. 1-54 (1977) shelved at [S] P [Gramophone]. Vols. 55 (1978)- shelved at ML P [Gramophone]. Current issues: Reserve Collection NB DLW has a complete run from vol. 29 (1952) to the present in his office.

Gramophone long playing classical record catalogue 1954-1965
Gramophone classical record catalogue 1966-1974
Gramophone classical catalogue 1975-1990
All issues up to 1985 are stored in the University Library's Private Depository (some missing)
King's has all issues since 1995.

Lali Weerasinghe and Jeremy Silver, Directory of recorded sound resources in the United Kingdom (London, 1988) ML111.5 DIR

José Bowen's online Bibliography of Performance Analysis

Recordings:

NB The Naxos Music Library, Classical Music Library, and other online sound collections, are accessible via PAWS workstations

KCL Library -- use Advanced Search, and (as well as author/title details) under 'All fields' put 'sound'

Advice on finding sound recordings at King's

78s in the King's Sound Archive

DLW's collection of Schubert song recordings

See also SSR Weblinks

Lecture List

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